Spatial differentials in higher education access across rural and urban areas of major states of India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63697/jessp.2026.10118Keywords:
Higher education, Access, Disparity, Rural-urban differential, IndiaAbstract
This paper examines the pattern of access to higher education across major states of India. In particular, it focuses on rural-urban differentials and disparities across various social groups. The study is based on household-level data collected by the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO), India. The gross attendance ratio (GAR) is used to assess the extent of access to higher education. Regional and sectoral disparities are analyzed by using Sopher’s index of disparity. The findings indicate significant expansion of higher education access over time. However, notable regional variations persist. Southern states show better access with rural-urban parity. Eastern states exhibit substantial sectoral variations. The study highlights significant spatial differentials across rural and urban areas within states. Targeted policy interventions are needed to ensure equitable and inclusive expansion of higher education.
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Data Availability Statement
We have used the National Sample Survey data of India (NSS 64, NSS 71 and NSS 75) on education (Schedule 25.2).
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Copyright (c) 2026 Tusar Kanti Samanta, Jayanta Sen
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